英語語法（八大時態(tài)）

【作者：吳教員,編號66793 更新時間：2017-01-18】        初中英語八大時態(tài)精析時態(tài)在英語中占著舉足輕重的作用，學(xué)好時態(tài)，意味著一只腳已經(jīng)跨入學(xué)好英語的大門。所以，同學(xué)們一定要重視時態(tài)，把每個時態(tài)的用法弄清楚，多理解，多思考,并適當(dāng)運用和鞏固。

1一般現(xiàn)在時的用法

1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用�！±�：every…, sometimes,ofen,always,usually, twice a week, at…, on Sunday等。 I leave home for school at 7 every morning.He watches Tv once a week .2)表示普遍真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。The earth moves around the sun.　Shanghailies in the east ofChina.3)格言或警句。Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..4)表示現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、個性或愛好。I don't want so much.　Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.　　　I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志，表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。

2一般過去時的用法

1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…)，last night (week, month, year…), a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago…　just now,等。Where did you go just now?2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.　　　　　3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth　"到……時間了"　"該……了"It is time sb. did sth. "時間已遲了"　"早該……了"It is time for you to go to bed.　 你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed.　　　你早該睡覺了。4) wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。注意：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.　(含義：她已不在人間。)Mrs. Darby lived inKentuckyfor seven years.(含義：達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

3現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

1） 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.2）表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進(jìn)行。Mr. Green is writing another novel.　(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3）瞬時動詞的進(jìn)行時一定表示將來的含義。瞬時動詞：come,go,arrive,leave,finish,end,start,begin等。We are arriving atLondon.持續(xù)動詞的進(jìn)行時需要加表示將來的時間狀語或有將來的語境時才能表將來。I am travelling next month.4）與always, constantly, forever等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.

4過去進(jìn)行時

1）過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和表示過去的狀語連用。例如：（just）then那時，當(dāng)時；at this/that time在這/那時yesterday afternoon昨天下午；at nine在九點；last night昨晚；（at）this time yesterday在昨天這個時候但在不少情況下，沒有表示時間的狀語，這時需要通過上下文來表示。What were you doing at nine last night?昨晚九點的時候，你在做什么？I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon.我昨天下午正在家里看電視。They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。2）過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等時間狀語連用。From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。They were building a bridge last winter .去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。3）過去進(jìn)行時表示過去將要發(fā)生的動作。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來的動作，同樣，過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示從過去某時看來將要發(fā)生的動作，常用在間接引語中。Lucy arrived inBeijinglast Friday. But she was leaving for Hong Kong the next morning.上周五Lucy到達(dá)北京，但第二天早晨就要動身去香港了。She asked him if he was coming back for lunch.她問他午飯是否準(zhǔn)備回來吃。4）過去進(jìn)行時與頻度副詞always forever，continually，constantly等連用時表示過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常常帶有埋怨、討厭、贊揚或喜愛等情緒。My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨)He was always helping others. (表示贊揚)

5一般將來時

1）表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)�；蛑貜�(fù)發(fā)生的動作。時間狀語：tomorrow , soon ,　next Monday ,　next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening……2）will do表示主觀意愿做某事。I will see a movie this morning.表示客觀的不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀將來。Fish will die without water.表示臨時決定。——Mom, where is the newspaper?——Wait a moment. I will get it for you.3)　be going to +do表示計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。表示有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.

6過去將來時

立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。 
時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 
　
He said he would go toBeijingtheI didn't know if she was going to come。Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。

7現(xiàn)在完成時

1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。標(biāo)志詞：already, yet, just, ever, never, beforeI have finished my homework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。(過去某時開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成。)2）表示：過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并且有可能繼續(xù)下去。標(biāo)志詞：for, since, since…agoI have studied English for six years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。(六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在,也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。)3）have/has gone to、have/has been to和have/has been in的區(qū)別have/ has gone to去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in已經(jīng)在，常與一段時間連用如：He has been to Shenyang before.他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been inShenyangfor ten years.他在沈陽10年了。Has he gone toShenyang?他去沈陽了嗎?4）非延續(xù)性動詞不能用“現(xiàn)在完成時+表示一段時間的狀語”的句型中。這類動詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換句中的非延續(xù)性性動詞。arrive, come→be here,　　die→be dead　　　　　finish, end→be over　　go out→be outjoin→be in　　　　　　　borrow→keep　　finish/end→be overclose→be closed　　leave, move→be awayfall asleep→be asleep

8過去完成時

1）以過去某個時間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。 As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。She said (that) she had never been toParis.3)過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve,Edisonhad began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.