兒科醫學英語詞匯

【來源：易教網 更新時間：2026-04-03】

兒童保健child care

疾病防治disease prevention

營養基礎basal nutrition

嬰兒喂養infants’ feeding

營養不良malnutrition

小兒肥胖obesity in childhood

解剖anatomy

生理生化physiology and biochemistry

營養代謝nutrition and metabolism

免疫immunity

病理pathology

疾病的種類variety of disease

臨床表現clinical situation

診斷diagnosis

治療treatment

預后prognosis

預防prevention

胎兒期fetal stage

胚卵期ovigerm stage

胚胎期embryo stage

新生兒期neonatal period

臍帶omphalus

足月兒term infant

早產兒premature

過期產兒post term infant

圍產期perinatal stage

嬰兒期infancy

幼兒期toddler period

學齡期school age

青春期adolescence

遺傳inheritance

性別sex

內分泌endocrine

孕母情況mother’s condition

營養nutrition。

生活環境living environment

急性感染acute infection

慢性疾病chronic disease

消化道疾病disease of digestive tract

內分泌疾病endocrine disease

先天性疾病congenital disease

體格生長physique growth

攝入不足insufficiency of intake

胎糞排出excretion of meconium

水分丟失loss of moist

生長高峰summit of growth

臥位clinostatasm

站立位erect position

頭頂vertex

恥骨聯合上緣superior margin of pubic symphysis

恥骨聯合上緣superior margin of pubic symphysis

足底sole

臍nave

頭圍head circumference

胸圍chest circumference

顱骨cranium

顱縫cranial sutures

前囟anterior fontanel

后囟posterior

脊柱rachis ——生理彎曲的形成

長骨long bone

干骺端metaphysis

軟骨骨化cartilaginous ossification

骨膜下成骨subperiosteum ossification

乳牙deciduous teeth

恒牙permanent teeth

(乳牙)萌出eruption

神經系統nervous system

脊髓spinal cord

運動發育motor development

發音器官organs of voicing

聽覺sense of hearing

大腦語言中樞cerebral language center

語言交流communication

護理nursing

計劃免疫planned immunity

心理衛生mental health

生活習慣living habit

社會適應能力social adaptation

親情 parent-child relationship

健康查體physical examination

隨訪follow-up

戶外活動open field activity

身體撫觸 stroking massage

窒息apnea

中毒intoxication

外傷trauma

預防接種vaccination

主動免疫active immunity

被動免疫passive immunity

預防接種vaccination

小兒傳染病infectious disease

卡介苗 bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine, bcg vaccine

脊髓灰質炎疫苗 polimyelitis vaccine

麻疹疫苗 measles vaccine

百白破三聯疫苗 pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus triple vaccine

乙肝疫苗hepatitis b vaccine

初種primary vaccination

復種revaccination

不良反應reaction

熱量的需要caloric requirement

基礎代謝basal metabolism

排泄 excretion

蛋白質protein

碳水化合物carbohydrate

脂肪fat

維生素vitamins

水溶性維生素water-soluble vitamin

脂溶性維生素fat-soluble vitamin

礦物質mineral

膳食纖維dietary fiber

母乳喂養breast feeding

母乳的成分component of mother’s milk

免疫物質immune material

免疫球蛋白immune gloulin

補體complement

乳鐵蛋白lactoferrin

溶菌酶lysozyme

雙歧因子bifidus factor

細胞成分components of cells

慢性消耗性疾病chronic consumptions

精神障礙mental disorders

急性傳染病acute infectious diseases

斷奶weaning

人工喂養bottle-feeding

稀釋dilution

加糖add sugar

煮沸boiling

定時定量time and rationed feeding

個體差異individual difference

混合喂養mixed feeding

大小便defecation

代授法breast-bottle-feeding

補授法supplemental feeding

輔食添加the introduction of solid food

營養不良malnutrition

代謝異常developmental and metabolic disorder

臨床分型clinical typing

消瘦型marasmus malnutrition

浮腫型edema malnutrition

消瘦－浮腫型marasmus—edema malnutrition

病因etiological factor

攝入不足deficiency of intake

輔食添加不及時introduction of solid food

飲食結構不合理incorrect components of diet

不良飲食習慣bad eating habit

消化吸收障礙disorder of digestion and absorption

消化道先天畸形congenital anomaly of digestive tract

先天性代謝障礙congenital dysbolism

消化功能紊亂disorder of digestive function

需求增多requirement increases

生長發育迅速的時期the period when children grow rapidly

疾病恢復期recovery phase of diseases

雙胎或多胎twins or multiplets

早產premature

消耗性疾病consumptions

病理生理pathophysiology

代謝異常dysbolism

體溫調節thermoregulation

機體各系統功能低下incapacity of body systems

消化系統digestive system

循環系統circulatory system

泌尿系統urinary system

神經系統nervous system

免疫系統immune system

臨床表現clinical situation

皮下脂肪subcutaneous fat

腹abdomen

軀干trunk

臀breech

四肢extremities

面頰cheeks

皮膚skin

干燥dehydration

蒼白pale；

肌肉muscles

松弛laxity

萎縮atrophy；

精神狀態mental status

萎靡dispirited

反應差low response；

全身癥狀general symptoms

并發癥complication

營養性貧血nutritional anemia

各種維生素缺乏癥various kinds of avitaminosis

感染infections

低血糖hypoglycemia

診斷標準standard of dignosis

分型types

分度degrees

實驗室檢查laboratory examination

鑒別診斷differential diagnosis

治療原則therapeutic principle

綜合治療comprehensive treatment

治療方法therapeutic method

積極治療原發病cure the primary disease

飲食治療diet therapy

藥物治療drug treatment

支持治療supporting therapy

危重癥處理treatment in crises

度營養不良伴腹瀉時的治療severe malnutrition companied by diarrhea

營養不良性水腫的治療nutritional edema

蛋白質缺乏綜合癥（惡心營養不良綜合癥）kwashiorkor

添加輔食instruction of solid food

睡眠充足sufficient sleeping

防治先天性疾病和小兒急性傳染病prevention and treatment of congenital diseases and acute infectious diseases

孕期保健與產前診斷health care in pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis

新生兒篩查neonatal screening

治療先天性疾病cure congenital diseases

按時預防接種vaccination on time

定期體格檢查regular physical examination

營養障礙性疾病dystrophy

病因及病理生理etiological factor and pathophysiology

單純性肥胖simple obesity

攝入過多excessive intake

活動過少lack of movement

家族遺傳inheritance

神經、精神因素nervous and mental factors

繼發性肥胖secondary obesity

膝外翻genu valgum

扁平足fallen arch

性發育較早early sexual development

實驗室檢查laboratory examinations

膽固醇cholesterol

甘油三酯triglyceride

β脂蛋白beta lipoprotein

胰島素insulin

生長激素growth hormone

診斷標準standard of diagnosis

輕度mild

制度moderate

重度severe